these potential problems, two-way radios are preferable as they are extremely reliable for short distances and can broadcast to several people at once.

—We have sent out leaflets to all residents, explaining what to do in an emergency.

— — With pleasure. Emergency planning covers several different aspects.

— — Fire, fire service please! There's a huge fire here.

—Hurry up! If the fire spreads to the stairs, it could block our way out!— This is no time for talking.

—Perhaps we should climb out of the window and jump down It's only two floors.— We'd better wait for the rescue.

A campus emergency occur at any time of the day or night, weekend, or holiday, with little or no warning.

Chemical spill guidelines should be established by the lab supervisor and should take into the following.

Government agencies are responsible for declaring the evacuation of a given area and will, in many instances, already have evacuation plans .

Many disasters allow no time for people to gather even the most basic necessities, which is planning ahead is essential.

Patrols should be conducted by teams individuals.

Preparedness actions are aimed planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and implementing corrective actions to ensure effective coordination during incident response.

Some of the risks may be relevant to your community. Find out which ones by

These preparedness frameworks either exist in various stages of development have been implemented.

When you complete Part you will be able to learn .

Building occupants should not re-enter the building until cleared by emergency personnel.

In addition, it is recommended that all staff and faculty members maintain a personal emergency kit in their work area.

An emergency situation may result in recovery problems ranging from relatively minor to severe.

Doorways offer no greater protection than any other area.

We will have to place ourselves where we can make the greatest contribution.

Over the decade 2001–2010, an average of more than 700 natural and technological emergencies occurred globally every year, {affect; affecting; affected} approximately 270 million people and causing over 130 000 deaths annually. Twenty-five per cent of these emergencies, and 44 per cent of these deaths, occurred in less developed countries with limited capacities to prepare for and respond effectively {to; with; for} emergencies. These statistics do not include the high levels of mortality and morbidity associated with conflict-related emergencies. {Due to; Based on; According to} the World Bank, over 1.5 billion people live in countries affected by violent conflict. These populations suffer from the consequences of societal disruption and increases in mortality and morbidity due to infectious diseases, acute malnutrition, trauma and complications from chronic diseases. 　　Over the same time period, risks to public health {have increased; has increased; increases} due to globalization, and international travel and trade. Such risks might be transmitted by people (e.g. SARS, influenza, polio, Ebola), goods, food, animals (e.g. zoonotic disease), vectors (e.g. dengue, plague, yellow fever), or the environment (e.g. radio-nuclear releases, chemical spills or other contamination). 　　In all types of emergencies, the poorest and most vulnerable people suffer disproportionately. These {positive; negative; affirmative} impacts are complicated by the enormity of the resulting economic costs, averaging over US$100 billion per year. The appropriate and timely management of these risks requires effective national and international capacities, intersectoral collaboration, the promotion of equity, the protection of human rights, and the advancement of gender equality."

EBOLA SURGE — 2014 　　The 2014 Ebola outbreak is the largest in history and the first Ebola outbreak in West Africa. Although the current epidemic does not cause a significant risk to other nations, many countries, including China and the United States of America, have actually been working closely with the Ebola hit states. For example, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is taking precautions at home besides its activities abroad. 　　CDC's team of “virus hunters” is supported by specialized public health teams both in West Africa and at the CDC Atlanta headquarters. Together, they offer continuous support to save lives and protect people. CDC works closely with a number of US government agencies, national and international partners. CDC's experience of working with Ebola is important to the World Health Organization's growing West Africa Ebola response. 　　On Sept. 2, 2014, CDC Director, Tom Frieden called for more international partners to join this effort. “The sooner the world comes together to help West Africa, the safer we all will be. We know how to stop this outbreak. There is a window of opportunity to do so — the challenge is to scale up the massive response needed to stop this outbreak.” 　　CDC's response to Ebola is the largest international outbreak response in CDC's history with over 100 disease specialists on the ground in West Africa, supported by hundreds of public health emergency response experts stateside, activated at Level 1, its highest level, because of the significance of this outbreak. 　　The CDC supports affected countries to establish Emergency Operations Centers at national and local levels and helps countries track the epidemic including using real-time data to improve realtime response. 　　Efforts in West Africa to identify those infected and track people who have come into contact with them are improving. The CDC is operating and supporting labs in the region to improve diagnosis and testing samples from people with suspected Ebola from around the world. 　　Local health care systems are strengthened through communication, coordination with partners and training on infection control for health care workers and safe patient treatment. 　 操作提示：通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。 1. How could we describe the 2014 Ebola outbreak? {A; B; C} 2. The 2014 Ebola outbreak response was. {A; B; C} 3. What does the word “massive” mean in Para. 3? {A; B; C} 4. How many disease specialists from CDC have gone to West Africa for the Ebola response? {A; B; C} 5. What action does CDC take to respond to the large Ebola outbreak? {A; B; C}

HOW TO PREPARE AN EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN FOR YOUR WORKPLACE 　　Emergencies and disasters can occur any time without warning. The more you are prepared for them, the better you will be able to act, reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs. 　　Emergency response plans (ERPs) are intended to provide clear and effective steps for managing an emergency. An ERP should deal with a variety of issues including evacuation of buildings, communication with local emergency services and the general public, individual roles and responsibilities during an emergency, and supplies and materials that may be needed. 　　Follow these basic guidelines to develop an effective ERP for your workplace: 　　? Determine when an evacuation would be necessary. 　　? Choose primary and secondary evacuation routes and emergency exits. Make sure they are clearly marked and well lit. Post signs. 　　? Install emergency lighting in case a power cut occurs during an evacuation. 　　? Ensure that evacuation routes and emergency exits are wide enough for people to be evacuated, clear at all times, and unlikely to expose evacuating people to additional hazards. 　　? Coordinate your plan with the local emergency management office. 　　? Choose “evacuation wardens” who will help others during an evacuation and account for employees. 　　? Establish specific evacuation procedures. This includes a sample ERP to give you a better idea of what your procedures should include. 　　? Establish a system for accounting for evacuated employees. 　　? Hold emergency drills at least once a year to ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes and procedures. Keep records of such drills. 　　? Consider the transportation needs of employees. 　　? Post evacuation procedures where employees can read them. 　　? Establish procedures for helping people with disabilities and people who do not speak your local language. 　　? Consider how you could quickly get important personal information about employees in an emergency (for example, contact numbers for their home, next-of-kin, or special medical conditions. 　 操作提示：句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”；句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。 1. The emergency response plan is needed for reducing panic and confusion when an emergency occurs. {T; F} 2. Supply of basic necessities is not included in an ERP. {T; F} 3. According to the passage, the blocked emergency exits can help avoid further hazards. {T; F} 4. The evacuation plan of your workplace should be in line with that of local emergency management office. {T; F} 5. To ensure that employees know what to do in an emergency and to test the effectiveness of emergency exit routes, the emergency drills should be held once half a year. {T; F}"